Du'a: The Name of Humiliation in the Quran – Approaching with Tazarru
Du'a: The Name of Humiliation in the Quran – Approaching with Tazarru
Du'a, More Than Just a Call
The word "du'a" in Arabic comes from the root دعا (da'ā), meaning "to call, to summon." It shares the same semantic framework with da'wah (claim) and da'wat (invitation). This etymology allows us to understand du'a not merely as a request but also as an ontological stance related to the direction and content of a call.
However, the Quran doesn't just leave du'a as "to ask" or "to call out." It presents it as a form of worship, an existential posture, and even a way of life. Specifically, Surah A'raf, verse 55, doesn't just describe du'a; it constructs it.
A'raf 55 and 56: The "Prayer-ification" of Du'a
"Call upon your Lord humbly (tadarru'an) and privately. Indeed, He does not like transgressors. And do not cause corruption on earth after its reformation. And invoke Him in fear and hope. Indeed, the mercy of Allah is near to the doers of good." (A'raf 7:55–56)
This verse is like a summary of all du'a verses in the Quran. For here:
Du'a must be performed in a state of humiliation/humility (tazarru).
Du'a must be secret/internal.
Du'a must be performed with a sense of moral responsibility (without causing corruption).
Du'a must be with both fear and hope.
And du'a must be completed with righteous action.
The original expression تضرعاً (tadarru'an) in the verse, in terms of its grammatical pattern, describes a continuous state of humiliation, meaning "with continuous humility." This elevates du'a from merely a linguistic action to a form of existence. In this sense, du'a in the Quran is not a "sincere wish" in the modern sense but a conscious submission.
Is Du'a = Namaz?
In the context above, du'a is no longer just saying "O my Lord!" A'raf 55-56 gives the essence and description of namaz (ritual prayer) in the Quran:
Du'a is performed with humiliation → ruku and sujud (bowing and prostration).
Du'a is secret → khushu' (reverence) and sincerity.
Du'a is continuous turning towards → the essence of salat.
In this context, the specific Quranic name for "namaz" might not be "salat." Because the word salat in the Quran is used in meanings like social support, attention, and turning towards. However, du'a with tazarru' in A'raf 55 more accurately describes what is classically understood as "namaz." In fact, this understanding of du'a in Arabic aligns with the Persian word namaz (to bow with respect, to salute).
Furqan 77: A Person Without Du'a Is Worthless
"Say, 'What would my Lord care for you if not for your supplication?'" (Furqan 25:77)
This verse reveals a striking truth to us. A person is valuable through du'a. However, the du'a here is:
Conscious,
With tazarru,
From the heart,
A supplication made with turning towards Allah.
So, you are either an entity that makes du'a, or you are empty.
Those Who Made Du'a and Those Whose Du'a Was Rejected in the Quran
In the Quran, there are both accepted and rejected du'as. This indicates that du'a is a conditional relationship:
Noah's du'a was rejected for the following reason: "Indeed, he is not of your family; indeed, he is [one whose] work was other than righteous." (Hud 46)
This means du'a requires commitment, not just kinship.
A Surprising Truth: Satan's Du'a Was Accepted!
"[Satan] said, 'Reprieve me until the Day they are resurrected.' [Allah] said, 'Indeed, you are among those reprieved.'" (A'raf 7:14–15)
Satan made du'a, and his du'a was accepted! This completely transforms the Quran's understanding of du'a:
Every du'a is heard.
Is every du'a accepted? No.
Acceptance occurs if it is meaningful within the creative plan.
Therefore, du'a is not a wish-fulfillment system but a way of establishing a meaningful connection with Allah.
Conclusion: Du'a is the Highest Form of Worship
Du'a is the pinnacle of servitude because it is the confession of helplessness. Du'a is the essence of namaz because it is the form of tazarru'. Du'a is the value of humanity because it expresses closeness.
And for this reason: One whose du'a is missing has an incomplete religion. Because religion begins with du'a: "It is You we worship and You we ask for help." (Fatiha 5)
This translation aims to convey the depth and nuance of the original Turkish text. Do you have any further questions or need additional explanations?
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